Abstract

L-Methioninase (MGL) is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-methionine to α-ketobutyrate, methanethiol, and ammonia. Due to its ability to deplete methionine, MGL has gained attention for its therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer treatment, as cancer cells exhibit high methionine dependence. While MGL is widely produced by bacteria, fungal sources offer advantages such as extracellular secretion, reduced immunogenicity, and higher substrate specificity. Beyond oncology, MGL has applications in food industries, biosensors, and gas odorants due to its role in methanethiol production. Recent research explores novel formulations, including PEGylation and recombinant oral administration, to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights the sources, mechanisms, and diverse applications of MGL while emphasizing its potential as a promising biotherapeutic agent.

Keywords

L-Methioninase, methionine depletion, cancer therapy, enzyme biotechnology, fungal MGL, methanethiol production, recombinant methioninase