Abstract

Minimally invasive spinal surgery has revolutionized the management of degenerative spine conditions, offering solutions with reduced tissue disruption and quicker recovery compared to traditional approaches. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of minimally invasive nerve root decompression techniques, focusing on transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD), and contrasts these with traditional microdiscectomy and foraminotomy. TELD’s integration of advanced visualization, reduced surgical morbidity, and enhanced patient outcomes highlights its transformative impact. The review also explores innovations in biological therapies, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which improve tissue healing and reduce recurrence rates. Technical refinements, patient-centered care protocols, and emerging technologies, including robotic assistance and augmented reality, further expand the scope of minimally invasive approaches. Addressing the challenges of training, cost, and patient selection, this discussion underscores TELD’s potential to set new benchmarks in spinal microsurgery. The article concludes by charting future directions in regenerative medicine and personalized spinal care, reinforcing the role of minimally invasive techniques in advancing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.

Keywords

microsurgery, healthcare, patients