Abstract

Floating tablets, also known as gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), are innovative formulations designed to prolong the retention of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the stomach. This approach is highly beneficial for medications with a narrow absorption window in the upper GI tract, requiring extended action or optimal absorption in a specific pH range. The floating mechanism helps improve bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and offers controlled drug release, reducing dosage frequency. The formulation of floating tablets typically involves hydrophilic polymers and gas-forming agents like sodium bicarbonate, which ensure buoyancy in gastric fluids. Key preparation techniques include direct compression, wet granulation, and hot melt extrusion. These tablets are advantageous for medications such as furosemide and ofloxacin, which have poor absorption or are extensively metabolized in the first pass. Floating tablets also show potential in enhancing patient compliance, particularly for drugs with short half-lives or those requiring a controlled release. Despite the promising benefits, challenges such as variability in gastric emptying, tablet buoyancy, and large-scale manufacturing complexities exist. Innovations in materials, including biodegradable polymers and 3D printing, aim to address these issues. Market demand for floating tablets is increasing, driven by the rising incidence of chronic diseases, especially in regions like India. In conclusion, floating tablets represent a significant advancement in gastro retentive drug delivery, offering improved therapeutic outcomes for a range of medications, though further research and development are needed to optimize their formulation and production.

Keywords

floating tablet, drug delivery systems, pharmaceuticals, moist granulation, dry granulation, GI tract