Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) affect women’s reproductive health. Specifically, PCOS involves elevated androgens, leading to abnormal oocyte growth, ovulation, and ovary fluid accumulation. Likewise, PCOD entails hormonal imbalances that lead to the formation of follicular cysts and the retention of immature eggs. Such symptoms include menstrual irregularities, obesity, hirsutism, depression, infertility, and excessive facial hair growth. The illnesses affect over 116 million women globally. Although the exact reasons are unknown for certain, elevated ratios or LH/FSH and GnRH rates could contribute to this. Treatment strategies include medication, surgery, changes in lifestyle, and exploration of alternative therapies for getting hormone levels under control and handling symptoms. Diagnosis is made by using a medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and ultrasound. They are advised to maintain a healthy diet and minimize exposure to unhealthy meals.

Keywords

polycystic ovary syndrome/polycystic ovary disease, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, hirsutism, infertility, ultrasound, laparoscopy, laparotomy, diet