Abstract

Magnetotactic bacteria are a diverse group of prokaryotes that create intracellular, membrane-bound organelles containing magnetic minerals known as magnetosomes. These minerals have a specialized purpose with the use of mineral crystals such as magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄). Due to the stability of these crystal structures, the bacteria can orient themselves with the Earth’s geomagnetic field lines, functioning as compass needles to help them locate suitable environments to inhabit. The objective of this review, based on previous progressions in this area of study, is focused on presenting a comprehensive summary of MTB, its abundance and magnetosome formation. Moreover, the effects of certain environmental factors, as well as their significance and applications in material science, medicine, and biotechnology, are elucidated.  

Keywords

magnetotactic bacteria, magnetosomes, magnetite, greigite, environmental factors, morphology, physiology, biomineralization, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapy, hyperthermia, bioremediation