Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, affecting 32.5 million individuals within the United States and more than 590 million globally. Various treatment options exist for cartilage defects and osteoarthritis, including palliative care, surgical intervention, and autologous or allogeneic chondrocyte transplantation, but they contain various limitations that limit their application. Cartilage tissue engineering holds promise as a viable solution for cartilage regeneration. This paper will discuss the anatomy and physiology behind articular cartilage, analyze the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, explore relevant market information for the cartilage treatments, review existing treatment techniques and products on market, review recent trends in clinical trials, and introduce a potential novel cartilage tissue engineering product.

Keywords

cartilage, tissue engineering, scaffolds, osteoarthritis, chondral defects